Characteristics of the equine placenta at first trimester / Características de la placenta equina en el primer trimestre

The equine placenta is a simple apposition of fetal and maternal tissues, becoming more complex with the formation of microcotyledons around days 75 and 100 of gestation. The present study aimed to describe the gross and microscopic morphology of early equine placenta. Embryonic/fetal membranes from thirty-seven mares were submitted to macroscopic description, light, scanning and transmission microscopy. Overall the gross characteristics of membranes were similar with already described for older stages. However, transmission electron microscopy evidenced high metabolic rate in chorion and allantois, and high secretion profile in amnion and even higher in yolk sac. Gene ontologies enrichment, using published data, pointed several common ontologies in allantoic and amniotic fluids, related to oxygen and iron transport, extracellular space and high-density lipoprotein receptor binding. Overall, the morphological and ontology enrichment could indicate allantois and amnion crosstalk.

La placenta equina es una simple aposición de tejidos fetales y maternos, que se vuelve más compleja con la formación de microcotiledones alrededor de los días 75 y 100 de gestación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la morfología macroscópica y microscópica de la placenta equina temprana. Las membranas embrionarias / fetales de treinta y siete yeguas fueron sometidas a descripción macroscópica, luz, escaneo y microscopía de transmisión. En general, las características generales de las membranas fueron similares a las ya descritas para las etapas más antiguas. Sin embargo, la microscopía electrónica de transmisión mostró una alta tasa metabólica en corion y alantoides, y un alto perfil de secreción en amnios e incluso mayor en el saco vitelino. El enriquecimiento de ontologías génicas, utilizando datos publicados, señaló varias ontologías comunes en fluidos alantoideos y amnióticos, relacionados con el transporte de oxígeno y hierro, espacio extracelular y unión a receptores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad. En general, el enriquecimiento morfológico y ontológico podría indicar alantoides y diafonía de amnios.

Carcinoma del uraco / Urachal Carcinoma

Objetivo Revisar la patología tumoral del uraco, haciendo énfasis en su clínica, los métodos diagnósticos empleados y el manejo terapéutico. Métodos Presentamos el caso de un varón de 39 años con carcinoma del uraco que simuló clínicamente un absceso umbilical. Resultados Los hallazgos en la TC fueron sospechosos de patología del uraco. El examen anatomopatológico reveló células atípicas y la PET-TC demostró extensión a pared abdominal y epiplón, requiriéndose la resección completa. Conclusiones El carcinoma del uraco es una neoplasia muy poco frecuente, que tiene su origen en el epitelio que recubre la luz del uraco, un vestigio de la alantoides que conecta la vejiga con el ombligo y normalmente involuciona en la etapa embrionaria. La clínica insidiosa hace que el diagnóstico sea tardío y el pronóstico pobre. Las pruebas de imagen tienen un papel fundamental en su sospecha, así como en la definición de la relación con la pared vesical y posible extensión local o a distancia. Una vez confirmado el diagnóstico histológicamente, está indicada la resección quirúrgica completa.

Objective To review tumoral pathology of urachus, emphasizing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic management. Method We present the case of a 39-year-old male with urachal carcinoma who clinically mimicked an umbilical abscess. Result CT findings were suspected of urachus pathology. Histologic analysis of the resected specimen demonstrated atypical cells, and PET-CT showed extension to the abdominal wall and omentum, requiring complete resection. Conclusions Urachal carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm that originates in the epithelium that covers the lumen of the urachus, a vestige of the allantois that connects the bladder with the navel and normally involves in the embryonic stage. The insidious clinic makes late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Imaging tests play a fundamental role in their suspicion, as well as in the definition of the relationship with the bladder wall and possible local or distant extension. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed histologically, complete surgical resection is indicated.

Anti-proliferative and angio-suppressive effect of Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh) Kutzing extract using various experimental models

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Abundant consumption of seaweeds in the diet is epidemiologically linked to the reduction in risk of developing cancer. In larger cases, however, identification of particular seaweeds that are accountable for these effects is still lacking, hindering the recognition of competent dietary-based chemo preventive approaches. The aim of this research was to establish the antiproliferative potency and angiosuppressive mode of action of Stoechospermum marginatum seaweed methanolic extract using various experimental models. MATERIALS/METHODS: Among the 15 seaweeds screened for antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cell line, Stoechospermum marginatum extract (SME) was found to be the most promising. Therefore, it was further investigated for its anti-proliferative activity in-vitro against choriocarcinoma (BeWo) and non-transformed Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, and for its anti-migratory/tube formation activity against HUVEC cells in-vitro. Subsequently, the angiosuppressive activity of S. marginatum was established by inhibition of angiogenesis in in-vivo (peritoneal angiogenesis and chorioallantoic membrane assay) and ex-vivo (rat cornea assay) models. RESULTS: Most brown seaweed extracts inhibited the proliferation of EAT cells, while green and red seaweed extracts were much less effective. According to the results, SME selectively inhibited proliferation of BeWo cells in-vitro in a dose-dependent manner, but had a lesser effect on HEK 293 cells. SME also suppressed the migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells in-vitro. In addition, SME was able to suppress VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chorio allantoic membrane, rat cornea, and tumor induced angiogenesis in the peritoneum of EAT bearing mice. A decrease in the microvessel density count and CD31 antigen staining of treated mice peritoneum provided further evidence of its angiosuppressive activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, the data underline that VEGF mediated angiogenesis is the target for the angiosuppressive action of SME and could potentially be useful in cancer prevention or treatment involving stimulated angiogenesis.

Anti-proliferative and angio-suppressive effect of Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh) Kutzing extract using various experimental models

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Abundant consumption of seaweeds in the diet is epidemiologically linked to the reduction in risk of developing cancer. In larger cases, however, identification of particular seaweeds that are accountable for these effects is still lacking, hindering the recognition of competent dietary-based chemo preventive approaches. The aim of this research was to establish the antiproliferative potency and angiosuppressive mode of action of Stoechospermum marginatum seaweed methanolic extract using various experimental models. MATERIALS/METHODS: Among the 15 seaweeds screened for antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cell line, Stoechospermum marginatum extract (SME) was found to be the most promising. Therefore, it was further investigated for its anti-proliferative activity in-vitro against choriocarcinoma (BeWo) and non-transformed Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, and for its anti-migratory/tube formation activity against HUVEC cells in-vitro. Subsequently, the angiosuppressive activity of S. marginatum was established by inhibition of angiogenesis in in-vivo (peritoneal angiogenesis and chorioallantoic membrane assay) and ex-vivo (rat cornea assay) models. RESULTS: Most brown seaweed extracts inhibited the proliferation of EAT cells, while green and red seaweed extracts were much less effective. According to the results, SME selectively inhibited proliferation of BeWo cells in-vitro in a dose-dependent manner, but had a lesser effect on HEK 293 cells. SME also suppressed the migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells in-vitro. In addition, SME was able to suppress VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chorio allantoic membrane, rat cornea, and tumor induced angiogenesis in the peritoneum of EAT bearing mice. A decrease in the microvessel density count and CD31 antigen staining of treated mice peritoneum provided further evidence of its angiosuppressive activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, the data underline that VEGF mediated angiogenesis is the target for the angiosuppressive action of SME and could potentially be useful in cancer prevention or treatment involving stimulated angiogenesis.

Urachal cyst presenting with huge abscess formation in adults / 대한외과학회지

Urachal disease, a disorder where embryonic remnant of the cloaca and the allantois present after birth as a midline fibrous cord, is usually detected in infancy and childhood. But urachal disease in adults is rare. We report a case of a huge abscess derived from a urachal cyst in an adult. A 52-year-old man presented with peri-umbilical distension and abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a huge abscess derived from the abdominal wall. After prompt incision and drainage, the remaining abscess cavity was removed completely under general anesthesia. Pathologic report was consistent with urachal duct cyst, and the patient was discharged in a week without complication.

Fístula umbilicovesical u onfalovesical: reporte de un caso / Vesico-umbilical fistula: case report

Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de 13 días de vida, que expulsaba orina por un granuloma umbilical. La fistulografía corroboró la comunicación entre el ombligo y la vejiga urinaria. La exploración quirúrgica demostró una FÍSTULA UMBILICOVESICAL U ONFALOVESICAL, con no descenso de vejiga, situada inmediatamente por detrás del ombligo; la fístula tenia forma de embudo. Se realizó resección de la fístula, exéresis del granuloma y herniorrafia umbilical. El reporte histopatológico fue que la fístula tenía un revestimiento epitelial que variaba entre escamoso, transicional y cilíndrico, con inflamación aguda y crónica. No se encontró ninguna otra malformación congénita asociada.

We present a case of a newborn of 13 days who has expulsion of urine from an umbilical granuloma. The fistulogram showed that the umbilical cord is connected to the bladder. In the surgical exploration we found the patient had vesico-umbilical fistula. The fistula and granuloma was removed and umbilical herniorrhaphy was done. The histopathologic report explained that the fistula had squamous, transitional and cylinder epithelial with acute and chronic inflammation.

Número de vasos sanguíneos y expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y de la óxido nítrido sintasa endotelial e inducida en la alantoides ovina / Blood vessels number and endothelial vascular growth factor induced nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the ovine allantois

Usando una prueba inmunohistoquímica, se calculó el porcentaje de células mesenquimales de la alantoides ovina que expresaban el Factor de Crecieminto de Endotelio Vascular (VEGF) y dos isoformas de la Óxido Nítrico Sintasa Endotelial (eNOS) e inducida (iNOS), y el número de vasos sanguíneos en la gestación inicial. Mientras que los porcentajes de VEGF, iNOS y eNOS disminuyeron drásticamente entre los 28 y los 35 días de gestación, el número de vasos sanguíneos aumentó (P<0,01). Existieron diferencias significativas entre los animales de una misma edad de gestación, para el porcentaje de VEGF, porcentaje de las NOS y número de vasos sanguíneos (P<0,01), lo cual podría indicar la participación de un factor genético determinante de la vasculogénesis, como ocurre en otras especies. No toda la población de las células mesenquimales es utilizada en la vasculogénesis. No se encontró expresión de VEGF en el trofoblasto, mientras que las dos isoformas de NOS mostraron diferente reacción inmunohistoquímica, siendo más intensa la reacción observada de eNOS que la de iNOS. En conclusión, para que el proceso de vascularización se exitoso se requiere de la expresíón de VEGF, y de dos isoformas de la NOS, las cuales al ser estimuladas por el VEGF, provocan la liberación de óxido nítrico, para potenciar la acción del factor angiogénico favoreciendo la viabilidad de los embriones.

A Case of Vesicoallantoic Cyst Diagnosed by Prenatal Ultrasonogram Imaging / 대한주산의학회잡지

Fetal vesicoallantoic cyst is extremely rare anomaly of umbilical cord. This disorder is thought to be a remnant of the extraembryonic portion of the allantois and incomplete obliteration of the vesico-allantoic lumen results in a wide spectrum of urachal anomalies. A 23-years-old primigravida was referred to our hospital at 18 weeks of gestation age because of fetal abdominal cystic mass in basal part of umbilicus. On the ultrasonographic examination, the cystic mass appeared to be in direct communication with the urinary bladder markedly distended. The cytogenetic study by amniocentesis showed normal 46, XY. The fetus was dead at 21 weeks of gestation age. The results of autopsy showed multiple anomalies. We report this rare case with review on similar anomalies of the allantois.

Inhibition of angiogenesis properties by SZ-21 / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study is to screen out the monoclonal antibody reactive to a kind of endothelial cell line (ECV304) from SZ-1, -2, -21, -22, -51, -65, -262 and explore its function of anti-angiogenesis. The inhibitory effects of monoclonal antibody reactive to ECV304 and human lung carcinom cells (A549) adhesion and migration to extracellular matrix proteins (i.e, fibronectin and collagen IV) were studied by ELISA, the inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo was analyzed by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, the percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells was assayed by flow cytometric Annexin-V-FITC/PI dual labeling technique. The results showed that SZ-21 exhibited inhibitory effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) and pulmonary cancer cell line (A549) adhesion and migration to extracellular matrix proteins (i.e, fibronectin and collagen IV). In addition, it disrupted ongoing angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. SZ-21 also induced apoptosis of the A549 cells. In conclusion, SZ-21 inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by blocking integrin beta(3) and inducing apoptosis. SZ-21 recognized the sequence beta(3) 28 - 35 which is far away from the RGD ligation site on GPIIIa. Integrin may interact the extracellular matrix via recognition sites other than RGD sequence.

A model system for testing gene vectors using murine tumor cells on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo

We developed a model system for testing gene vectors, based on the growth of murine tumors on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonic chickens. The ability of selected murine cells to grow on the CAM was rated according to the following criteria: i) formation of tumor masses; ii) metastasis formation; iii) reproducibility; iv) yield, indicated as the number of embryos surviving to assessment time with visible tumors on the CAM; v) maintainability of the cell, both in the original host and the embryonic chick, or 'shuttle maintainability'; vi) detection by the naked eye, and vii) cost/benefit relation. The murine melanoma cell lineage, B16F10, which efficiently forms distinct, pigmented tumor masses and metastases on the CAM, performed better in this model than the murine B61 cell line. In vitro transduction of B16F10 cells with a recombinant adenovirus carrying a construct of the E. coli LacZ gene followed by inoculation onto the CAM resulted in beta-galactosidase expression in the tumor mass growing on the CAM. This model is potentially applicable to preclinical evaluation of gene vectors, especially for gene therapy of cancer

Antiangiogenic effect of betamethasone on the chick cam stimulated by TA3 tumor supernatant

Tumor growth is the result of combined cell proliferation overwhelming cell death and neoangiogenesis. This report shows CAM angiogenesis promoted by TA3 tumor supernatant with or without low dosis of betamethasone (Minimal antiangiogenic concentration: beta-MAAC). Methylcellulose discs instilled with 10 microliters of beta-MAAC (0.08 microgram/ml), 10 microliters of tumor supernatant (TA3ts), 5 microliters beta-MAAC + 5 microliters TA3ts, and 10 microliters of PBS as control were implanted in host chick eggs. On day 12, the grafts were removed, photographed and fixed. Sections were stained in parallel, one and three with hematoxylin-eosin, and section two by the Tunel method. The number of vessels was evaluated in a microscopic field of the CAM (2250 micron 2). The results show that beta-MAAC produced a significant inhibition of neovascularization in comparison to that observed in controls (P < 0.0025; Student t-Test). Discs instilled with TA3ts produced an intense stimulation of angiogenesis in contrast, when discs were instilled with 5 microliters of beta-MAAC + 5 microliters of TA3ts the angiogenesis was significantly inhibited (P < 0.001). The results show that effective antiangiogenic doses of betamethasone are in the range of 10(-7) M, (probably a genomic mediated action) and that this effect of low concentration may have clinical applications.

Allantoid duct, arteries and veins of the funiculus umbilicalis in bovines

Secciones transversales del funículo umbilical de 39 fetos de bovinos de la raza Holstein, fueron estudiados con microscopio de luz. Las secciones fueron cortadas en los tercios yuxtafetal, medio y yuxtaplacental y teñidos con hematoxilina-Eosina. Ambas arterias umbilicales y venas son caracterizadas por una túnica media espesa, siendo mucho más gruesa en la arteria que en las venas, gracias a la conspicua capa muscular, especialmente a nivel del tercio medio del cordón umbilical. Como regla el lumen de las venas es oval o elipsoide y relativamente más ancho que el lumen de las arterias el cual es estrellado, puntiforme o casi obliterado

Congenital Patent Urachus: Report of 2 Cases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The congenital patent urachus is the failure of complete urachal lumen closure and results in a free communication between the bladder and the umbilicus. Embriologically the urachus represents the vestigial remnant of the allantois which, in the fetus, communicates with the cloaca. The first patient is a 6-day-old female infant, and she was transferred due to urine leakage from the reddish hen egg sized protruding mass on the umbilicus. The fistulogram showed a long fistulous tract which communicates with bladder and umbilicus. A complete resection of the patent urachus was done. The second patient is a 1-day-old male infant, and he was transferred for operation of omphalocele from local clinic. Urine leakage was detected from the urachus at operative field, and so complete resection of the urachus was performed, and the one stage repair was performed for treatment of mild intestinal herniation. Postoperative courses of the two cases were uneventful.

A Case of Congenital Patent Urachus / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The patent urachus results from failure of luminal closure of the urachus. Embryologically, the urachus represents the vestigial remnant of the allantois which, in the fetus, communicates with the cloaca. The authors report a case of congenital patent urachus with review of some literatures.

A Case of Congenital Patent Urachus / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Urachal anomalies are very rare. The umbilicus and the structures which lead to its formation rarely cause trouble except in patients with an error. Embryologically, the urachus represents the vestigial remnant of the allantois which, in the fetus, communicates with the cloaca. The patent urachus results from failure of luminal closure of the urachus Herein a case of congenital patent urachus reported with a brief review of literatures.